Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition that can affect various aspects of health, including oral health. Several studies have shown a connection between oral health and high blood pressure, as well as the impact of antihypertensive medications on the condition of the oral cavity. Therefore, people with hypertension need to pay special attention to dental and gum care to prevent more serious health problems.
The Relationship Between Hypertension and Dental Health
Many people are unaware that hypertension can affect oral health. Research indicates that hypertension patients are at increased risk for gum problems such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Additionally, impaired blood flow can slow the healing process of tissues in the oral cavity.
A study by students from UGM’s Faculty of Dentistry — Nabila Nurfauziah Puspita Dewi together with Dr. drg. Dewi Agustina, MD.Sc. and drg. Fimma Naritasari, MDSc. and drg. Hendri Susanto, M.Kes., Ph.D., Sp. PM. — found that knowledge about the link between oral health and hypertension varies, especially among dental students. Having a good understanding of this relationship is crucial for educating the public about the importance of maintaining teeth and gum health for hypertension patients.
Hence, awareness of the impact of hypertension on dental health needs to be increased among both healthcare professionals and the general public.
Side Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Oral Health
Many hypertension patients take antihypertensive medication long-term. However, some of these drugs can cause side effects in the oral cavity, such as dry mouth (xerostomia), gum enlargement (gingival overgrowth), and an increased risk of gum infections.
This aligns with research conducted by UGM Faculty of Dentistry student Dian Ajeng Rosjayani, along with Dr. drg. Dewi Agustina, MD.Sc. and drg. Fimma Naritasari, MDSc which showed that patients on antihypertensive drugs commonly experience oral complaints such as xerostomia and gingival hyperplasia. These conditions can affect patients’ quality of life and increase the risk of periodontal disease if not properly managed.
Dry mouth caused by antihypertensive drugs reduces saliva production, which plays a vital role in protecting teeth from bacteria and acids that cause cavities. Therefore, hypertension patients taking these medications need to take extra preventive measures.
Tips for Maintaining Healthy Teeth and Gums for Hypertension Patients
To prevent dental and gum problems, hypertension patients are advised to follow these steps:
- Maintain good oral hygiene
Brush teeth regularly at least twice daily using fluoride toothpaste and use dental floss to clean hard-to-reach areas. - Use an appropriate mouthwash
Choose alcohol-free mouthwash to avoid worsening dry mouth. - Avoid foods and drinks that worsen oral conditions
Excessive consumption of sugary foods and caffeinated beverages can exacerbate oral health problems. - Drink plenty of water
Water helps keep the mouth moist and prevents side effects of antihypertensive drugs like dry mouth. - Regular dental check-ups
Routine dental visits can help detect problems early and prevent complications related to hypertension.
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Hypertension affects not only heart and blood vessel health but also the condition of teeth and gums. A lack of understanding about the connection between hypertension and oral health can hinder optimal prevention efforts. Additionally, the use of antihypertensive drugs may cause side effects such as dry mouth and gum enlargement, requiring special attention. Therefore, maintaining oral hygiene, selecting suitable dental care products, and regular dental examinations are highly recommended for hypertension patients. These efforts also contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).
References
Nabila Nurfauziah Puspita Dewi, Dr. drg. Dewi Agustina, MD.Sc. drg. Fimma Naritasari, MDSc., drg. Hendri Susanto, M.Kes., Ph.D., Sp. PM., Knowledge Level Regarding the Relationship Between Oral Health and Hypertension Among Dental Professional Students at Gadjah Mada University (Study at RSGM UGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta), https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/233343
Dian Ajeng Rosjayani, Dr. drg. Dewi Agustina, MD.Sc. drg. Fimma Naritasari, MDSc., Oral Complaints Due to Antihypertensive Medication Use at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic, Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital, https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/183323
Author: Rizky B. Hendrawan | Editor: Shinta
Photo: Freepik
