Oral health is often overlooked during pregnancy, yet it can significantly affect the health of both the mother and the fetus. One common dental issue faced by pregnant women is periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums characterized by inflammation, swollen gums, and even bleeding while brushing teeth. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can make the gums more susceptible to bacteria and plaque, increasing the risk of gingivitis or other gum diseases. However, the effects of periodontal disease extend beyond oral health and can also impact overall pregnancy health.
Risk of Pregnancy Complications
Research has shown that periodontal disease can increase the risk of pregnancy complications, such as premature birth and low birth weight. The bacteria causing gum infections can enter the bloodstream through inflamed gum tissue and spread throughout the body. When these bacteria reach the uterus, they can trigger inflammation and increase the production of prostaglandins, compounds associated with uterine contractions. This increase in prostaglandin levels can accelerate labor and raise the risk of premature birth.
Preeclampsia
Additionally, periodontal disease may contribute to a condition known as preeclampsia. This serious condition is characterized by high blood pressure in pregnant women. Severe gum infections can trigger an excessive immune response, causing systemic inflammation that affects blood flow to the placenta. This can disrupt the flow of oxygen and nutrients required for the fetus to grow and develop properly, increasing the risk of pregnancy complications.
Maintaining oral health during pregnancy is therefore crucial. Regular dental checkups can help detect and treat periodontal disease early, preventing negative effects on both the mother's and the baby's health.Adopting habits such as brushing teeth twice a day, using dental floss, and avoiding sugary foods that promote plaque buildup can be effective preventive measures.
Consulting with a dentist before and during pregnancy is also recommended to ensure that oral health remains optimal. By doing so, pregnant women can reduce the risk of pregnancy complications caused by periodontal disease, ensuring the best health outcomes for themselves and their unborn baby.
Maintaining dental health during pregnancy also contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and Goal 4 (Quality Education).
Author: Rizky B. Hendrawan | Photo: Freepik
