Jaw fractures, or broken jaws, are common injuries often caused by accidents, violence, or other trauma. Proper management is essential to prevent long-term complications, including functional and aesthetic issues. This article discusses the steps in managing jaw fractures, with a focus on proven maxillofacial surgical techniques.
Types of Jaw Fractures
Jaw fractures can be categorized into several types, including alveolar fractures, mandibular body fractures, and anatomical jaw fractures. Each type requires a different treatment approach, depending on its location and severity.
Initial Management
Initial treatment of jaw fractures includes:
- Stabilization: Preventing displacement of the fracture, typically using a splint or brace.
- Pain Control: Using analgesics to reduce the patient’s discomfort.
- Radiological Examination: Performing X-rays or CT scans to obtain a clear image of the fracture’s location and type.
Maxillofacial Surgery
A study conducted by FKG UGM students, Wijanarko and Agung Hadi, under the supervision of Drg. Prihartiningsih, SU., Sp.BM(K), on the integrated management of complex maxillofacial fractures with malocclusion and malunion, concluded that managing such cases requires multiple steps to ensure optimal outcomes. For patients with jaw fractures accompanied by malocclusion (misaligned bite) and malunion (improper healing), an integrated surgical approach is essential.
- Clinical Evaluation: Before surgery, a thorough clinical assessment of the patient’s condition is crucial, including trauma history and symptoms.
- Osteosynthesis Reconstruction: In complex fractures, reconstruction using plates and screws may be necessary to restore proper jaw positioning. This supports proper healing and bite function.
- Orthodontic Treatment: In some cases, post-surgical orthodontic treatment may be required to correct malocclusion. This involves the use of braces and other orthodontic devices to align the teeth and jaw.
- Follow-Up Care: Routine follow-up after surgery is necessary to monitor healing progress and detect any potential complications.
Possible Complications
Managing jaw fractures comes with risks of complications such as infection, bleeding, or healing failure. Careful monitoring is therefore essential.
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Jaw fracture treatment requires a comprehensive approach and often involves a multidisciplinary team, including dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, and orthodontists. By applying the integrated management described above, optimal outcomes can be achieved, and long-term complications can be minimized. Always consult a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment and preventive measures to maintain overall oral health.
References
Wijanarko, Agung Hadi, drg. Prihartiningsih, SU.,Sp.BM(K), Integrated Management of Complex Maxillofacial Fractures with Malocclusion and Malunion, https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/36727
Author: Rizky B. Hendrawan | Photo: Freepik
