Tooth color is often considered a reflection of a person’s oral hygiene and health. However, tooth color is not only determined by how diligently one maintains oral hygiene. Many factors influence tooth color, both external and internal. Understanding these factors is essential to recognizing what causes teeth to become yellow or dark and how to address it.
Diet and Beverages
One of the main factors affecting tooth color is diet and beverages. Regular consumption of drinks such as coffee, tea, red wine, and soda can leave stains on tooth enamel. The dark pigments in these beverages can easily adhere to the tooth surface. Similarly, foods containing natural or artificial colorants can cause changes in tooth color when consumed excessively. Small particles from food and drinks can attach to teeth, leading to color changes over time.
Smoking and Tobacco
In addition to diet, smoking and tobacco use also significantly impact tooth color. The nicotine and tar found in cigarettes can leave yellow or even brown stains on teeth. These substances penetrate the tooth enamel, gradually altering the color of the teeth. This makes smokers more likely to experience tooth discoloration compared to non-smokers.
Aging and Dental Health Conditions
Another factor is aging and the condition of dental health. As people age, the enamel layer on teeth naturally thins. When enamel wears down, the underlying layer, called dentin, becomes more visible. Dentin has a yellowish color, so as the enamel thins, teeth appear more yellow. Additionally, dental health issues such as enamel erosion, cavities, or trauma to the teeth can cause discoloration. For example, teeth that have been impacted or damaged may change color to gray or blue due to damage to the blood vessels inside the teeth.
Genetics
Genetics also plays a role in determining the natural color of a person’s teeth. Some individuals have thicker, whiter enamel naturally, while others may have thinner, more yellowish enamel. Additionally, certain genetic conditions can affect the quality of enamel, making it more susceptible to external factors such as food and beverages. The natural color of teeth is a combination of genes inherited from both parents.
Use of Certain Medications
Another medical factor that can affect tooth color is the use of certain medications. Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline and doxycycline, can cause discoloration if taken while the teeth are still developing, typically in children. Additionally, mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine or long-term use of iron supplements can also cause staining. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the medications being taken and consult with a dentist about their potential impact on tooth color.
By understanding the various factors that influence tooth color, we can be more vigilant in maintaining oral health and choosing habits that minimize discoloration. Avoiding harmful habits like smoking and consuming dark-colored beverages, along with regular, proper tooth cleaning, can help keep teeth bright. Additionally, routine consultations with a dentist can help identify the causes of tooth discoloration and determine the appropriate treatment to restore the brightness of our smiles. This also supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being and SDG Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.
Author: Rizky B. Hendrawan | Photo: Freepik
