Cavities are one of the most common dental health problems that are often overlooked. Many people only become aware of the consequences when the pain becomes unbearable. However, if left untreated, cavities can lead to various serious complications that affect overall health.
Causes and Progression of Cavities
Cavities are caused by the accumulation of plaque that contains bacteria. This plaque forms from food and drinks that contain sugar, which are then converted into acid by the bacteria. This acid damages the tooth enamel, causing the formation of holes. If untreated, these holes can deepen and reach the dentin and pulp layers, where the tooth’s nerves and blood vessels are located.
Consequences of Untreated Cavities
- Infection and Inflammation
If the cavity deepens and reaches the tooth’s nerves, an infection may occur. This can lead to swelling, severe pain, and the formation of an abscess (a pus-filled pocket) around the tooth root. If not addressed, the infection can spread to other tissues around the mouth and even enter the bloodstream, leading to serious complications. - Chewing Function Disruption
A decayed tooth left untreated will weaken its structure, making it difficult to chew food properly. As a result, individuals may avoid certain foods, potentially disrupting nutritional intake and digestive health. - Increased Risk of Systemic Diseases
Poor brushing habits and infrequent dental visits contribute to dental and oral health problems. Data shows that only 2.8% of Indonesians brush their teeth correctly, and 95.5% have not visited a dentist within the past year. This indicates that poor dental health is linked to inadequate brushing habits and infrequent dental checkups. It can increase the risk of other diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. Bacteria from severe tooth infections can enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation in various parts of the body. - Worsening Tooth Damage
Without treatment, cavities will continue to worsen until the tooth can no longer be saved and must be extracted. Tooth loss can lead to changes in jaw structure, speech difficulties, and reduced self-confidence.
Prevention and Treatment of Cavities
To prevent and treat cavities, the following steps can be applied:
- Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
- Use dental floss to clean between your teeth.
- Reduce the consumption of sweet foods and drinks.
- Have regular dental checkups, at least once every six months.
- If a small cavity forms, fill it immediately before it worsens.
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Maintaining good oral and dental health is a long-term investment in your overall well-being. Don’t wait until a cavity becomes a serious issue—consult your dentist promptly for proper treatment!
References
HUMAS UGM, Only 2.8% of Indonesians Brush Their Teeth Correctly, https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/baru-28-persen-masyarakat-indonesia-menyikat-gigi-secara-benar/
Author: Rizky B. Hendrawan | Editor: Shinta | Photo: Freepik
