The Proper Use of Mouthwash: When and How to Use It Correctly

Mouthwash is a popular addition to dental care routines due to its ability to freshen breath and help reduce bacteria. However, for mouthwash to be effective and safe, it’s important to understand when and how to use it properly. Not all mouthwashes serve the same function, and the timing and method of use can impact its effectiveness. Here is a complete guide to maximize the benefits of mouthwash.

Types of Mouthwash and Their Functions

Generally, mouthwash is divided into several types based on its purpose:

1. Antiseptic Mouthwash
   This type contains antiseptic ingredients, such as chlorhexidine or alcohol, which are useful for reducing the number of bacteria in the mouth. It is often recommended for individuals with oral health issues, such as gum infections or gingivitis. However, its use is typically limited by a dentist’s recommendation, as it can cause irritation if used too frequently.
2. Fluoride Mouthwash
   Mouthwash containing fluoride helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. It is usually recommended for individuals prone to cavities or those with sensitive teeth. Fluoride mouthwash should not be used immediately after brushing teeth, as it may reduce the effectiveness of fluoride in toothpaste.
3. Cosmetic Mouthwash
   This type is intended to freshen breath and temporarily eliminate bad breath. Although it does not directly kill bacteria that cause bad breath, cosmetic mouthwash provides a quick solution for temporary freshness, especially before an important meeting or after consuming foods with strong odors.

When Is the Best Time to Use Mouthwash?

Mouthwash should be used according to the individual’s needs and oral health condition. Here are some ideal times to use it:

1. After Brushing Teeth and Cleaning the Tongue
   The best time to use antiseptic or cosmetic mouthwash is after brushing your teeth. This provides additional protection by removing any remaining bacteria after brushing and cleaning the tongue. However, if using fluoride mouthwash, it is recommended to wait at least 30 minutes after brushing to allow the fluoride in the toothpaste to work effectively.
2. After Eating or Drinking Sweet Foods
   After consuming sweet foods or drinks, fluoride mouthwash can be used to protect teeth from the acids produced by bacteria from food remnants. This helps preserve the strength of tooth enamel from acid damage and reduces the risk of cavities.
3. Before Bedtime
   Using antiseptic mouthwash before bedtime helps prevent bacterial growth during the night when saliva production decreases. Saliva plays a crucial role in fighting bacteria in the mouth, so using mouthwash before sleep provides additional protection.

The Right Way to Use Mouthwash

Using mouthwash correctly is key to getting the maximum benefits. Here are the proper steps:

1. Use the Recommended Amount
   Check the instructions on the mouthwash bottle and pour the recommended amount, usually around 20 ml or one capful.
2. Rinse for 30 Seconds to 1 Minute
   Swish the mouthwash thoroughly in your mouth for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Do not rinse for too long, as this could cause irritation, especially with mouthwashes containing alcohol or chlorhexidine.
3. Do Not Rinse with Water
   After using mouthwash, avoid rinsing with water to maintain the effect of the active ingredients. This is especially important for fluoride mouthwash, as it helps the fluoride stay on the teeth longer and provide protection.
4. Use Regularly but Not Excessively
   Antiseptic mouthwash is typically sufficient to use once or twice a day, depending on your dentist’s recommendation. Overuse, particularly of those containing alcohol or chlorhexidine, can irritate soft oral tissues or disrupt the natural bacterial balance in the mouth.

Side Effects of Using Mouthwash

Excessive use of mouthwash can have several negative effects. Here are some drawbacks of overuse:

1. Irritation of Oral Tissues
   Many mouthwashes, especially those containing alcohol or strong antiseptics, can cause irritation to the soft tissues in the mouth if used too often. This may lead to a burning, dry, or uncomfortable sensation.
2. Disruption of Natural Oral Bacteria Balance
   Antiseptic mouthwash works by reducing the number of bacteria, but overuse can disrupt the natural bacterial balance in the mouth. This may result in an imbalance in the oral microbiota, which could increase the risk of infections or fungal issues, such as oral thrush.
3. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
   Alcohol-based mouthwashes can reduce saliva production, which is important for maintaining moisture in the mouth and controlling bacteria. If used excessively, this may lead to dry mouth or xerostomia, which can worsen bad breath and increase the risk of cavities.
4. Teeth Staining
   Mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine may cause staining or discoloration of the teeth if used excessively. These stains may be difficult to remove with regular brushing and may require professional cleaning by a dentist.
5. Reduced Sensitivity to Mouthwash
   Excessive use of mouthwash can cause the body to adapt and reduce sensitivity to its ingredients, making the mouthwash less effective over time.
6. Gum Irritation or Inflammation
   Excessive use of strong antiseptics may make gums more prone to irritation and inflammation. This can increase the risk of gum sensitivity and oral health problems.

To maintain optimal oral health, it is important to use mouthwash according to your dentist’s instructions or the directions on the packaging. Using it in moderation and as a supplement to regular brushing and flossing will provide the best benefits without the risk of side effects.

Note for Mouthwash Users

While mouthwash can offer additional benefits for oral health, it should not replace brushing teeth and flossing. If you have specific oral issues, such as chronic bad breath, gum inflammation, or other conditions requiring special care, it is best to consult a dentist for the appropriate mouthwash and usage schedule.

By understanding when and how to use mouthwash, you can maximize its benefits and maintain optimal dental and oral health.

Proper mouthwash usage contributes to better oral health, prevents dental and gum problems, and improves quality of life. This supports the achievement of SDG Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being. Some mouthwashes, particularly those with chemical bases, can impact sanitation systems if disposed of improperly. Educating the public on safe usage and disposal of products supports clean water management and a healthy environment, in line with SDG Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.

Author: Rizky B. Hendrawan | Photo: Freepik