{"id":20719,"date":"2026-07-20T09:33:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T02:33:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/?p=20719"},"modified":"2026-07-20T09:33:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T02:33:13","slug":"sinar-x-gigi-tidak-terbukti-picu-keratosis-oral-temuan-peneliti-fkg-ugm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/sinar-x-gigi-tidak-terbukti-picu-keratosis-oral-temuan-peneliti-fkg-ugm\/","title":{"rendered":"Dental X-Rays Not Shown to Trigger Oral Keratosis: Findings from FKG UGM Researchers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some patients who are about to undergo dental X-rays may quietly wonder: is radiation exposure safe? Could anything change inside their mouths after X-rays pass through the soft tissues of the gums and cheeks? These questions have now received a more definitive answer from a study conducted at the Dental Hospital of Universitas Gadjah Mada.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">drg. Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, Ph.D., a lecturer in the Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, UGM, together with her colleague Rellyca Sola Gracea, published their findings in the journal Biomedicine in the March\u2013April 2022 issue. The main finding was reassuring: radiation exposure from analog panoramic radiography, digital panoramic radiography, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was not shown to trigger oral keratosis in the oral mucosa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When Mucosal Cells Become Witnesses<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oral keratosis is a condition in which the surface layer of the oral mucosa undergoes abnormal keratin thickening. Anucleated squamous cells (ANSCs) are a key cellular marker of this condition. In large numbers, these cells may indicate potentially premalignant changes and may even be associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and repeated mechanical irritation are well-established causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, one question remained unanswered: what about X-ray radiation from routine dental examinations?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Previous studies had shown that exposure to panoramic radiography and CBCT can alter the maturation pattern of mucosal cells, increasing the proportion of intermediate cells while decreasing superficial cells. These changes in cellular maturation prompted drg. Ryna and her team to investigate further: are these changes also accompanied by an increase in anucleated cells as a sign of keratosis?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Forty Participants, Two Time Points<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study used a cross-sectional observational design involving 40 participants aged 25 years and older. They were divided into four groups: analog panoramic radiography, digital panoramic radiography, CBCT, and a control group without radiation exposure. Each group consisted of ten participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cell smears were collected from the gingival and buccal mucosa twice: immediately before the radiographic examination and ten days afterward. Papanicolaou staining was used to identify and count ANSCs under light microscopy. All assessments were performed by trained observers who were blinded to the identities of the samples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results were consistent across all groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cAnalog\/digital panoramic radiography and CBCT exposure do not cause increases in anucleated cell numbers, so keratosis may not occur in patients exposed to dental X-ray radiation.\u201d \u2014 drg. Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, Ph.D., study report<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There was no statistically significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in the number of ANSCs before and after exposure, either in the gingival or buccal mucosa. The control group showed similar results, with no changes observed during the ten-day observation period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Did Keratosis Not Occur?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The explanation lies in the nature of the exposure itself. Oral keratosis generally develops as a result of chronic and repeated irritation rather than brief exposure. Smoking and alcohol continuously damage the mucosa, while friction from orthodontic appliances acts day after day. Diagnostic X-ray radiation, by contrast, is brief and does not remain in constant contact with the mucosal tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study also places CBCT exposure in the proper context. Although CBCT produces a higher radiation dose than panoramic radiography, its dose remains 10\u201312 times lower than that of conventional CT scans. Another study cited in the research indicated that the cytotoxic effects of CT scans on buccal cells had subsided after 20 days as the epithelial cells were replaced. This suggests that any potential damage is temporary and insufficient to trigger keratosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The keratinized layer itself has a turnover rate of approximately six to ten days. Within this period, no accumulation of ANSCs was detected in the groups exposed to diagnostic radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Note for High-Risk Groups<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the reassuring findings, drg. Ryna and her team highlighted an important limitation. The study involved healthy individuals who did not smoke, consume alcohol, or use orthodontic appliances. These groups, whose oral mucosa may already be subject to chronic stress, were not specifically investigated in the context of repeated radiation exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Further studies involving these high-risk groups are still needed, particularly among patients who undergo repeated radiographic examinations over long periods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For patients who have been hesitant to undergo dental radiography because they fear the effects of X-rays on their oral tissues, this study provides a stronger scientific basis for reassurance. Under normal circumstances, routine dental X-rays do not appear to cause changes in the oral mucosa that should be a cause for concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51248\/.v42i2.1262\">DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51248\/.v42i2.1262<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Authors: Anny Anggraini; drg. Achmad Zam Zam Aghasy, M.Kes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo: Pexels <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selama ini, sebagian pasien yang hendak menjalani foto rontgen gigi menyimpan kekhawatiran diam-diam: apakah paparan radiasi itu aman? Apakah ada sesuatu yang berubah di dalam mulut mereka setelah sinar-X menerpa jaringan lunak gusi dan pipi? Pertanyaan itu kini mendapat jawaban lebih tegas dari sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Gadjah [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":615,"featured_media":20720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,136],"tags":[298,307,289,291,297],"class_list":["post-20719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","category-berita-terbaru","tag-sdg-10-mengurangi-ketidaksetaraan","tag-sdg-17-kemitraan-untuk-mencapai-tujuan","tag-sdg-3-kesehatan-dan-kesejahteraan-yang-baik","tag-sdg-4-pendidikan-berkualitas","tag-sdg-9-industri-inovasi-dan-infrastruktur"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sinar-X Gigi Tidak Terbukti Picu Keratosis Oral: Temuan Peneliti FKG UGM - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/sinar-x-gigi-tidak-terbukti-picu-keratosis-oral-temuan-peneliti-fkg-ugm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sinar-X Gigi Tidak Terbukti Picu Keratosis Oral: Temuan Peneliti FKG UGM - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Selama ini, sebagian pasien yang hendak menjalani foto rontgen gigi menyimpan kekhawatiran diam-diam: apakah paparan radiasi itu aman? 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