{"id":20501,"date":"2026-07-16T15:12:29","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T08:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/?p=20501"},"modified":"2026-07-16T15:12:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T08:12:31","slug":"stent-jantung-di-bawah-tuduhan-apa-yang-terjadi-saat-logam-larut-dalam-darah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/stent-jantung-di-bawah-tuduhan-apa-yang-terjadi-saat-logam-larut-dalam-darah\/","title":{"rendered":"Heart Stents Under Scrutiny: What Happens When Metal Dissolves in the Blood?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A small metal tube, roughly the size of the tip of a little finger, can be permanently implanted inside a blood vessel. Its job is simple: support the arterial wall so that it does not collapse and allow blood to flow freely.\nBut one question has long lingered in the biomaterials research community: Does the metal really remain inert once it has been implanted?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The answer, apparently, is no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">drg. Bonifasius Primario Wicaksono, M.Biotech., a researcher from the Biomedical Engineering Program at the Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada, published a scientific review examining the phenomenon of ion release from two of the world's most widely used intravascular stent materials: 316L stainless steel (SS 316L) and cobalt-chromium L605 (CoCr L605).\nThe research was presented at the 5th ICICI-BME international forum in Bandung in November 2017 and formed part of UGM's intravascular stent research program funded by Indonesia's Ministry of Higher Education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When Arteries Narrow and Metal Becomes the Answer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health's Basic Health Research indicate that 26.4 percent of deaths in Indonesia are attributable to cardiovascular disease, with a prevalence of 0.5 percent of the population. One of the major contributing conditions is atherosclerosis, in which plaque accumulates along arterial walls and obstructs blood flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most commonly selected treatments is the implantation of an intravascular stent, a mesh-like metal tube inserted into a narrowed blood vessel through a minimally invasive procedure.\nSS 316L and CoCr L605 dominate the global stent market because of their high mechanical strength. SS 316L offers a favorable balance between strength and elongation, making it relatively easy to shape when balloon expansion deploys the stent inside an artery.\nCoCr L605, meanwhile, has a higher elastic modulus\u2014210 GPa compared with 190 GPa for SS 316L\u2014allowing it to be manufactured with substantially thinner struts without sacrificing radial strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On paper, both materials appear ideal.\nThe problem emerges after the stent is implanted, when the metal begins interacting with a complex biological environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nickel Ions, Acidity, and Unexpected Reactions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The surfaces of SS 316L and CoCr L605 are covered by a thin oxide layer that provides protection. In SS 316L, this layer contains Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Mn. In CoCr L605, it consists primarily of Co and Cr. Both layers contain OH\u207b ions, which represent a point of vulnerability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u207a ions in bodily fluids, particularly when pH decreases, bind to OH\u207b in the oxide layer and disrupt the stability of the ionic bonds. As a result, metal ions can be released into the surrounding tissue.\nStudies cited in the review demonstrate a direct correlation: the lower the fluid pH, the higher the concentration of released nickel ions. At a pH of 4.3, ion release was substantially greater than at pH 6.3. For CoCr L605, chromium ion release approached zero at pH values above 6 but increased sharply when the pH fell below that level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to chemical factors, the stent's design also plays a role. Stents with numerous sharp bends are more susceptible to microscopic gaps in areas of high curvature, which can trigger crevice corrosion and further increase ion release. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microfractures in curved regions of both materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>\u201cNickel and chromium ions released from stainless steel and cobalt chromium as intravascular biomaterial may cause damage to human tissues, where the stent was placed. Other investigation and research to reduce the amount of nickel and chromium ion release is needed, to make a safer biomaterial for intravascular stents.\u201d \u2014 drg. Bonifasius Primario Wicaksono, M.Biotech., et al.<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From Allergies to Restenosis: A Lifelong Risk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Released nickel ions are not merely passive contaminants. Clinically, nickel exposure can trigger dermatitis, allergic reactions, and even asthma. Within blood vessels, the consequences may be more serious, including local immune reactions, acute inflammation, and, in certain cases, DNA mutations.\nNickel and molybdenum ions from stainless steel and cobalt-chromium alloys have also been directly associated with in-stent restenosis, the re-narrowing of an artery within the stent itself. This risk may be particularly concerning in patients with a history of metal allergies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What makes the situation particularly complex is the fact that stents are generally implanted for life. There is no routine \u201creplacement\u201d procedure. This means that patients may potentially be exposed to ion release for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the review also provides an important qualification: as long as the rate of ion release remains controlled, the amount of released nickel generally remains below allergy thresholds and below daily dietary intake levels.\nThe key factors are maintaining the stability of bodily fluid pH and selecting an appropriate stent design\u2014two factors that can potentially be addressed through intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research is not an endpoint but rather a roadmap. Questions about how to design more inert stents or coat their surfaces to make them more resistant to H\u207a ion attack remain open. In biomedical engineering laboratories, research continues in pursuit of a small metal tube that can truly be trusted to remain safe throughout a patient's lifetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source DOI: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Author: Anny Anggraini <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo: Pexels <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sebuah tabung logam kecil, seukuran ujung jari kelingking, ditanam seumur hidup di dalam pembuluh darah. Tugasnya sederhana: menahan dinding arteri agar tidak kolaps dan membiarkan darah mengalir bebas. Tapi ada pertanyaan yang selama ini menggantung di komunitas riset biomaterial, apakah logam itu benar-benar diam setelah terpasang? Jawabannya, ternyata, tidak. drg. Bonifasius Primario Wicaksono, M.Biotech, peneliti [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":615,"featured_media":20504,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,136],"tags":[298,307,289,291,297],"class_list":["post-20501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","category-berita-terbaru","tag-sdg-10-mengurangi-ketidaksetaraan","tag-sdg-17-kemitraan-untuk-mencapai-tujuan","tag-sdg-3-kesehatan-dan-kesejahteraan-yang-baik","tag-sdg-4-pendidikan-berkualitas","tag-sdg-9-industri-inovasi-dan-infrastruktur"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stent Jantung di Bawah Tuduhan: Apa yang Terjadi Saat Logam Larut dalam Darah? - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/stent-jantung-di-bawah-tuduhan-apa-yang-terjadi-saat-logam-larut-dalam-darah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stent Jantung di Bawah Tuduhan: Apa yang Terjadi Saat Logam Larut dalam Darah? - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sebuah tabung logam kecil, seukuran ujung jari kelingking, ditanam seumur hidup di dalam pembuluh darah. Tugasnya sederhana: menahan dinding arteri agar tidak kolaps dan membiarkan darah mengalir bebas. Tapi ada pertanyaan yang selama ini menggantung di komunitas riset biomaterial, apakah logam itu benar-benar diam setelah terpasang? Jawabannya, ternyata, tidak. drg. 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Tugasnya sederhana: menahan dinding arteri agar tidak kolaps dan membiarkan darah mengalir bebas. Tapi ada pertanyaan yang selama ini menggantung di komunitas riset biomaterial, apakah logam itu benar-benar diam setelah terpasang? Jawabannya, ternyata, tidak. drg. 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