{"id":20359,"date":"2026-07-16T10:54:47","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T03:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/?p=20359"},"modified":"2026-07-16T10:54:49","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T03:54:49","slug":"sel-mulut-yang-bercerita-apa-yang-tersembunyi-di-balik-uap-bensin-pekerja-spbu-yogyakarta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/sel-mulut-yang-bercerita-apa-yang-tersembunyi-di-balik-uap-bensin-pekerja-spbu-yogyakarta\/","title":{"rendered":"Oral Cells That Tell a Story: What Lies Behind the Gasoline Fumes Inhaled by Gas Station Workers in Yogyakarta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Every morning, they stand beneath the canopy, holding fuel pump hoses and breathing air that has been mixed with gasoline fumes since the first hour of their shift. For workers at gas stations, this routine feels ordinary. But inside their oral cavities, something is far from ordinary.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">A study published in Jurnal Teknosains by Universitas Gadjah Mada revealed a troubling finding: the buccal mucosal epithelial cells of gas station workers in Yogyakarta City experienced cytogenetic damage that was statistically much higher than that of the control group. This is not merely a number on paper; it is an early signal that chronic exposure to gasoline and its derivatives is leaving a tangible trace at the cellular level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Mouth as a Gateway, Cells as Witnesses<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">The study, led by Prof. Dr. drg. Regina TC. Tandelilin, M.Sc., PBO, from the Department of Oral Biology, FKG UGM, involved 60 respondents: 30 gas station workers and 30 individuals in the control group. Samples were collected from buccal mucosal epithelial cells using a cytobrush, a simple yet informative non-invasive swabbing device. The cells were then stained using the Papanicolaou technique and observed under a light microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three types of nuclear damage were examined: pyknosis (the cell nucleus shrinks and hardens into a dense mass), karyorrhexis (the nucleus becomes fragmented), and karyolysis (the nucleus dissolves until it appears like a shadow). All three are biomarkers of cytogenetic damage that have been scientifically recognized as markers of cell death resulting from exposure to genotoxic agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results spoke clearly. The frequency of cells undergoing pyknosis among gas station workers reached an average of 21.8, while the control group had only 14.4. For karyorrhexis, the figures were 21.5 versus 16.0. These differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). Only karyolysis showed no significant difference between the groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Benzene, a Small Compound with a Major Impact<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Gasoline is not a single liquid. It is a complex mixture containing aromatic components such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. Benzene in particular has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a carcinogenic compound in humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gas station workers are exposed to this compound primarily through inhalation of volatile fumes released whenever fuel is pumped. They worked an average of 47.1 hours per week, and samples were collected at the end of their shifts, when accumulated daily exposure was at its peak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cRepeated exposure to cytotoxic agents can result in chronic trauma to cells, compensatory cell proliferation, and eventually cancer.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inhaling gasoline fumes makes the oral cavity the first point of contact. The buccal mucosa, which is non-keratinized and highly permeable, absorbs chemicals more rapidly than other oral tissues such as the palate or gingiva. The absorbed substances can then enter systemic circulation directly, bypassing hepatic metabolic pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another interesting finding from this study was that length of employment was positively and significantly correlated with increased pyknosis and karyorrhexis. The longer the working hours per week, the higher the frequency of damaged cells. Other factors such as age, sex, and smoking habits showed no significant association with cytogenetic damage in this study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Early Detection from an Unexpected Place<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What makes this study important is not only its findings but also its approach. Cytogenetic analysis of buccal epithelial cells is a non-invasive, inexpensive, and relatively simple method. There is no need for blood collection or invasive procedures. A brief swab of the inside of the cheek is sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This method opens opportunities for routine health monitoring of workers exposed to hazardous chemicals in the workplace, including gas stations widely distributed throughout Indonesia. The study also noted that mask use was associated with reduced benzene exposure among workers, a simple intervention whose impact could be highly significant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study underscores the need for further, more in-depth investigations, including exposure-dose data, nutritional status, and workers\u2019 immune function, to understand the complete mechanisms underlying the observed damage. But one thing is already clear: the tiny cells inside these workers\u2019 mouths have long recorded what happens every day beneath the roof of a gas station. The question is, when will we truly start listening?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22146\/teknosains.43852\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22146\/teknosains.43852<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Authors: Anny Anggraini; drg. Achmad Zam Zam Aghasy, M.Kes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo: Pexels <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Setiap pagi, mereka berdiri di bawah atap kanopi, menggenggam selang pompa bahan bakar, menghirup udara yang sudah bercampur uap bensin sejak jam pertama shift. Bagi pekerja stasiun pengisi bahan bakar umum (SPBU), rutinitas itu terasa biasa. Tapi di dalam rongga mulut mereka, ada sesuatu yang jauh dari biasa. Penelitian yang dipublikasikan di Jurnal Teknosains Universitas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":615,"featured_media":20363,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,136],"tags":[298,300,289,296,297],"class_list":["post-20359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","category-berita-terbaru","tag-sdg-10-mengurangi-ketidaksetaraan","tag-sdg-11-kota-dan-masyarakat-yang-berkelanjutan","tag-sdg-3-kesehatan-dan-kesejahteraan-yang-baik","tag-sdg-8-pekerjaan-layak-dan-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-sdg-9-industri-inovasi-dan-infrastruktur"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sel Mulut yang Bercerita: Apa yang Tersembunyi di Balik Uap Bensin Pekerja SPBU Yogyakarta - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/sel-mulut-yang-bercerita-apa-yang-tersembunyi-di-balik-uap-bensin-pekerja-spbu-yogyakarta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sel Mulut yang Bercerita: Apa yang Tersembunyi di Balik Uap Bensin Pekerja SPBU Yogyakarta - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Setiap pagi, mereka berdiri di bawah atap kanopi, menggenggam selang pompa bahan bakar, menghirup udara yang sudah bercampur uap bensin sejak jam pertama shift. 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