{"id":20260,"date":"2026-07-16T08:32:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T01:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/?p=20260"},"modified":"2026-07-16T08:32:48","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T01:32:48","slug":"riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\/","title":{"rendered":"Children with a History of Caries Are Four Times More Likely to Develop It Again, with Mothers as a Key Determining Factor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Of the 430 children examined in elementary schools across the Special Region of Yogyakarta, more than half had previously experienced caries. What is surprising is not the figure itself, but the finding behind it: children with a previous history of caries had a fourfold greater risk of developing caries again compared with children whose teeth were caries-free. This figure is more than just a statistic. It reflects a recurring pattern that has never truly been broken.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">The study, published in the Indonesian Dentistry Magazine in August 2016, involved Prof. Dr. drg. Al. Supartinah, Sp.KGA, from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, as one of the researchers. Together with Quroti A\u2019yun and Julita Hendrartini, the team systematically mapped the factors that put children into a high-risk category for dental caries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Children's Mouths Keep a Record of the Past<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three oral cavity conditions were measured in this study: salivary pH, plaque levels, and caries experience. All three were statistically shown to affect caries risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Low salivary pH, below 6.5, indicates an acidic oral environment that is susceptible to enamel demineralization. Interestingly, however, most children in this sample had alkaline salivary pH levels above 6.5 because saliva production at 10\u201312 years of age remains relatively high and functions as a natural buffer. Nevertheless, those with low salivary pH still showed an almost twofold higher risk of caries (POR = 1.932).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plaque was a more direct factor. Children with a high plaque index, measured using the PHP Modified Index, had a 2.4-fold greater risk of developing caries. Plaque that is not removed lowers the pH on the tooth surface locally, and it takes 30 to 60 minutes for the pH to return to a neutral condition. If sugar intake continues before the teeth have had time to recover, the demineralization process continues without interruption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, caries experience, measured using the DMF-T and def-t indices, was the strongest predictor in the study. Its POR reached 4.048. Teeth that have previously been damaged harbor more acid-producing bacteria, making the entire oral environment more aggressive toward the remaining teeth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Mother's Hands Behind Every Bite<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The role of mothers in this study was not merely supplementary. Two of the three dimensions of maternal behavior measured were found to have a significant influence on children's caries risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mothers' use of children's dental health services emerged as a prominent factor. As many as 59 percent of mothers in the sample had never taken their children to a dentist for an examination. As a result, minor problems in the oral cavity were never detected at an early stage. The risk of caries among children whose mothers rarely utilized these services was almost twice as high (POR = 1.876).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The food choices provided by mothers also spoke volumes. Although 90 percent of mothers provided vegetables with every meal, 63 percent still prepared sugary drinks for their children. More than half of the mothers did not provide food for their children to take to school, meaning that the children tended to consume cariogenic foods from school canteens. A separate survey in Sleman Regency even found that 94 elementary school food stalls in the area sold cariogenic foods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe poorer the utilization of children's dental healthcare services by mothers, the higher the risk of caries in children.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">One somewhat surprising finding was that maternal behavior in maintaining children's dental health, such as reminding them to brush their teeth or providing fluoride toothpaste, was not shown to have a statistically significant effect. The researchers suspected that this may have occurred because school-age children increasingly receive information from outside the home, including electronic media, meaning that the direct influence of mothers at home does not always correspond to the condition of their children's teeth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Absent UKGS Teachers, Present Risk<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outside the home, schools should serve as a second line of defense. The School Dental Health Program (Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah, UKGS) was designed to fill this gap through education, group toothbrushing activities, and routine examinations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, field data presented a picture far from ideal.\nAs many as 56 percent of children stated that their schools never routinely held group toothbrushing activities. More than half of the children also said that their teachers had never demonstrated the correct way to brush their teeth. As a result, poor implementation of UKGS was shown to increase the risk of caries by almost twofold (POR = 1.847).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One factor that did not have a significant effect was peers. Contrary to the initial assumption, stories from friends about dental visits or healthy eating habits were not strong enough to influence the behavior of children aged 10\u201312. According to the study, peer influence becomes more prominent among older adolescents, when peer groups become dominant emotional and cognitive points of reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Cycle That Can Be Broken<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study portrays caries not merely as a hygiene problem, but as an accumulation of small decisions made every day: whether a mother takes her child to the dentist, what food is available at the dining table, and whether a teacher at school takes the time to teach children how to brush their teeth properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With more than half of the families in the sample earning less than one million rupiahs per month, and the majority of mothers having only junior high school-level education, access to information and dental healthcare services represents a genuine structural barrier. The figures in this study are not only about plaque and salivary pH. They are about who has access, who has knowledge, and who cares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Childhood caries can be prevented. But prevention cannot depend on one party alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source DOI: <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.22146\/majkedgiind.11267\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.22146\/majkedgiind.11267<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Authors: Nanda Ayu, drg. Achmad Zam Zam Aghasy, M.Kes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo: Pexels<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dari 430 anak yang diperiksa di sekolah-sekolah dasar Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, lebih dari separuhnya sudah pernah mengalami karies. Yang mengejutkan bukan angkanya, melainkan temuan di baliknya: anak yang punya riwayat karies sebelumnya memiliki risiko empat kali lebih besar untuk kembali mengalami karies dibandingkan anak yang giginya bersih. Angka itu bukan sekadar statistik. Ia adalah cermin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":615,"featured_media":20268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,136,326,330,316,317,332],"tags":[298,300,289,291,293],"class_list":["post-20260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","category-berita-terbaru","category-sdg-10","category-sdg-11","category-sdg-3","category-sdg-4","category-sdg-5","tag-sdg-10-mengurangi-ketidaksetaraan","tag-sdg-11-kota-dan-masyarakat-yang-berkelanjutan","tag-sdg-3-kesehatan-dan-kesejahteraan-yang-baik","tag-sdg-4-pendidikan-berkualitas","tag-sdg-5-kesetaraan-gender"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Riwayat Karies Anak Empat Kali Lebih Berisiko Terulang, Ibu Jadi Penentu Utama - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Riwayat Karies Anak Empat Kali Lebih Berisiko Terulang, Ibu Jadi Penentu Utama - Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dari 430 anak yang diperiksa di sekolah-sekolah dasar Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, lebih dari separuhnya sudah pernah mengalami karies. Yang mengejutkan bukan angkanya, melainkan temuan di baliknya: anak yang punya riwayat karies sebelumnya memiliki risiko empat kali lebih besar untuk kembali mengalami karies dibandingkan anak yang giginya bersih. Angka itu bukan sekadar statistik. Ia adalah cermin [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/en\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/p\/Fakultas-Kedokteran-Gigi-UGM-100075927681679\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-16T01:32:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-16T01:32:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2026\/07\/pexels-aryan-sharma-471587287-16822813-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1684\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"achmadzamzamaghasy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"achmadzamzamaghasy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"achmadzamzamaghasy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/id\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5e527b2939dff262f173d10f32d2638a\"},\"headline\":\"Riwayat Karies Anak Empat Kali Lebih Berisiko Terulang, Ibu Jadi Penentu Utama\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-16T01:32:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-16T01:32:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":833,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/id\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/30\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/pexels-aryan-sharma-471587287-16822813-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"SDG 10: Mengurangi Ketidaksetaraan\",\"SDG 11: Kota dan Masyarakat yang Berkelanjutan\",\"SDG 3: Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan yang Baik\",\"SDG 4: Pendidikan Berkualitas\",\"SDG 5: Kesetaraan Gender\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Artikel\",\"Berita Terbaru\",\"SDG 10\",\"SDG 11\",\"SDG 3\",\"SDG 4\",\"SDG 5\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fkg.ugm.ac.id\\\/riwayat-karies-anak-empat-kali-lebih-berisiko-terulang-ibu-jadi-penentu-utama\\\/\",\"name\":\"Riwayat Karies Anak Empat Kali Lebih Berisiko Terulang, Ibu Jadi Penentu Utama - 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Yang mengejutkan bukan angkanya, melainkan temuan di baliknya: anak yang punya riwayat karies sebelumnya memiliki risiko empat kali lebih besar untuk kembali mengalami karies dibandingkan anak yang giginya bersih. Angka itu bukan sekadar statistik. 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